FAQ: Audism
FAQ: Audism
Audism (from Latin audire, to hear, and -ism, a system of practice, behavior, belief, or attitude) has been variously defined as:
- The notion that one is superior based on one's ability to hear or behave in the manner of one who hears. (Humphries 1977:12)
- ...the belief that life without hearing is futile and miserable, that hearing loss is a tragedy and "the scourge of mankind," and that deaf people should struggle to be as much like hearing people as possible. Deaf activists Heidi Reed and Hartmut Teuber at D.E.A.F. Inc., a community service and advocacy organization in Boston, consider audism to be "a special case of ableism." Audists, hearing or deaf, shun Deaf culture and the use of sign language, and have what Reed and Teuber describe as "an obsession with the use of residual hearing, speech, and lip-reading by deaf people." (Pelka 1997: 33)
- ...an attitude based on pathological thinking which results in a negative stigma toward anyone who does not hear; like racism or sexism, audism judges, labels, and limits individuals on the basis of whether a person hears and speaks. (Humphrey and Alcorn 1995: 85)
- ...the corporate institution for dealing with deaf people, dealing with them by making statements about them, authorizing views of them, describing them, teaching about them, governing where they go to school and, in some cases, where they live; in short, audism is the hearing way of dominating, restructuring, and exercising authority over the deaf community. It includes such professional people as administrators of schools for deaf children and of training programs for deaf adults, interpreters, and some audiologists, speech therapists, otologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, librarians, researchers, social workers, and hearing aid specialists. (Lane 1992: 43)
The term audism was coined by Tom Humphries in Communicating across cultures (deaf-hearing) and language learning (1977: 12). The term lay dormant until Lane revived its use 15 years later. It is increasingly catching on, though not yet in regular dictionaries of the English language. Humphries originally applied audism to individual attitudes and practices, but Lane and others have broadened its scope to include institutional and group attitudes, practices, and oppression of deaf persons.
The first half of Lane's book The mask of benevolence: disabling the deaf community is the most extensive published survey and discussion of audism so far (Lane 1992).
References:
Humphrey, Jan, and Alcorn, Bob (1995). So you want to be an interpreter: an introduction to sign language interpreting, 2nd edition. Amarillo, TX: H&H Publishers.
Humphries, Tom (1977). Communicating across cultures (deaf-/hearing) and language learning. Doctoral dissertation. Cincinnati, OH: Union Institute and University.
Lane, Harlan (1992). The mask of benevolence: disabling the deaf community. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Pelka, Fred (1997). The ABC-Clio companion to the disability rights movement. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio.
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Prepared by Tom Harrington
Reference and Instruction Librarian
October, 2002
Reference and Instruction Librarian
October, 2002
Revised by Laura jacobi
Manager, Library Instruction and Reference Services
April, 2009
Issue: May 16, 2003 - Vol. 33 No. 17
Twenty-five years ago the phrase "audism" was coined by Tom Humphries, a deaf scholar, to give a name to the prejudice and bias that deaf and hard of hearing people have experienced based solely on hearing status. The students in a "Dynamics of Oppression" class last semester, taught by Dr. Dirksen Bauman, assistant professor in the ASL and Deaf Studies Department, were discussing audism when the idea for a class project to create a film explaining the term and its manifestations was born.
The students divided into groups to research and write about five aspects of audism—audism in the family, at school, and at Gallaudet—the search for a "cure" for deafness, and the resistance to audism. The students filmed their segments and edited them into a documentary. The result was a good rough draft, but the film needed further filming and editing, which was carried out by the students in the "Deaf Studies Senior Thesis" class this semester, also taught by Bauman.
The team effort paid off, and the final film, entitled Audism Unveiled, drew packed houses for both back-to-back premieres on April 23. A panel discussion, led by Bauman, followed the second show. It featured Dr. Benjamin Bahan, a professor in the ASL and Deaf Studies Department, Greg Montgomery, president of the Graduate Student Association, Tawny Holmes, Student Body Government vice president, and Brendan Stern, chair of the Student Audism Committee.
"Audists are those who use the ability to hear as some sort of leverage for power," said Bahan, who also emphasized that giving a name to the oppression is a first step toward opening dialogue.
The students hope their efforts will lead to the inclusion of the word in the dictionary, said Ben Jarashow, one of the Deaf Studies Senior Thesis students involved in the project, and the emcee of the premieres.
"We wanted the audience to take away a new set of eyes that would more easily recognize the various manifestations of audism, as well as some ideas as to how to resist audism," said Bauman. He said that plans are underway to continue to revise the film for wider
distribution.
Frontrunners Movie--Stop Audism: http://fr4.frontrunners.dk/mix/audism.htm
Manager, Library Instruction and Reference Services
April, 2009
Issue: May 16, 2003 - Vol. 33 No. 17
Students tell the story of audism in new film
Twenty-five years ago the phrase "audism" was coined by Tom Humphries, a deaf scholar, to give a name to the prejudice and bias that deaf and hard of hearing people have experienced based solely on hearing status. The students in a "Dynamics of Oppression" class last semester, taught by Dr. Dirksen Bauman, assistant professor in the ASL and Deaf Studies Department, were discussing audism when the idea for a class project to create a film explaining the term and its manifestations was born.
The students divided into groups to research and write about five aspects of audism—audism in the family, at school, and at Gallaudet—the search for a "cure" for deafness, and the resistance to audism. The students filmed their segments and edited them into a documentary. The result was a good rough draft, but the film needed further filming and editing, which was carried out by the students in the "Deaf Studies Senior Thesis" class this semester, also taught by Bauman.
The team effort paid off, and the final film, entitled Audism Unveiled, drew packed houses for both back-to-back premieres on April 23. A panel discussion, led by Bauman, followed the second show. It featured Dr. Benjamin Bahan, a professor in the ASL and Deaf Studies Department, Greg Montgomery, president of the Graduate Student Association, Tawny Holmes, Student Body Government vice president, and Brendan Stern, chair of the Student Audism Committee.
"Audists are those who use the ability to hear as some sort of leverage for power," said Bahan, who also emphasized that giving a name to the oppression is a first step toward opening dialogue.
The students hope their efforts will lead to the inclusion of the word in the dictionary, said Ben Jarashow, one of the Deaf Studies Senior Thesis students involved in the project, and the emcee of the premieres.
"We wanted the audience to take away a new set of eyes that would more easily recognize the various manifestations of audism, as well as some ideas as to how to resist audism," said Bauman. He said that plans are underway to continue to revise the film for wider
distribution.
Frontrunners Movie--Stop Audism: http://fr4.frontrunners.dk/mix/audism.htm
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